Visas and Work Permits in Italy: A Quick Guide for Employers
Relocating an employee to Italy or hiring a skilled professional who isn’t a local citizen comes with exciting opportunities—and complex challenges. Italy’s immigration and labor laws are notoriously detailed, and navigating the process of acquiring the right work documentation can be tricky.
For employers, the stakes are high: securing the correct visas and work permits for foreign employees means understanding not just Italian immigration requirements but also labor compliance laws that vary by region. From ensuring the right permits are in place to managing legal documentation and timelines, every step matters.
Fortunately, partnering with an Italian Employer of Record (EOR) service can simplify this process significantly. By offering local expertise, EORs help employers ensure that every aspect of hiring and relocating foreign talent is handled correctly. They minimize risks, navigate compliance challenges, and take the guesswork out of securing work permits—all while freeing up your HR team to focus on strategic priorities.
In this guide, I’ll break down the types of visas available in Italy, outline the steps to obtain one and highlight important considerations for hiring or relocating international employees. You’ll also learn how partnering with an EOR can streamline the process, saving time, reducing risks, and ensuring compliance with Italian labor laws.
Why is Compliance with Immigration Rules Important in Italy?
Compliance with Italy’s immigration rules is not just a legal formality—it’s a critical safeguard for your business. Non-compliance can result in severe penalties that extend far beyond fines, posing serious risks to your operations and reputation.
Employers who fail to adhere to immigration and labor compliance requirements may face steep fines, potential legal action, and restrictions on their ability to sponsor future work permits. Beyond the financial impact, non-compliance can trigger ongoing scrutiny from Italian authorities, creating an administrative burden and delaying future hiring or expansion plans.
The reputational damage caused by non-compliance is equally significant. For companies operating in a global marketplace, a public misstep in following immigration laws can erode trust among employees, clients, and partners. It signals a lack of diligence in adhering to local laws and could harm your ability to attract top talent.
By prioritizing compliance with Italian immigration rules, employers not only avoid these pitfalls but also demonstrate their commitment to operating ethically and responsibly.
Who Can Legally Work in Italy?
Italy’s work eligibility rules depend on an individual’s nationality. Citizens of the European Union (EU), European Economic Area (EEA) member states, and Switzerland enjoy the freedom to live and work in Italy without needing a visa or work permit. This arrangement stems from agreements within the EU and EEA, as well as Switzerland’s bilateral agreement with the EU, which ensures the free movement of people for work and residency.
For non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens, individuals must secure a valid visa and work permit to be legally employed in Italy.
This involves navigating Italy’s immigration quotas (referred to as the "decreto flussi") and adhering to specific labor and residency regulations.
Employers should assess each candidate's nationality and immigration status early in the hiring process to determine the steps required for legal employment.
Understanding Work Visas and Permits in Italy
Navigating Italy’s work visa and permit process starts with understanding the terminology and the steps involved. Employers and employees must work together to meet Italy's legal requirements for foreign workers, ensuring that all necessary documentation is in place before employment begins.
What is a Work Visa and a Work Permit in Italy?
A work visa is a travel document issued by an Italian consulate or embassy in the applicant’s home country, granting permission to enter Italy for the purpose of employment. However, a work visa alone does not authorize someone to start working in Italy—it’s just the first step.
A work permit (nulla osta al lavoro), on the other hand, is an authorization issued by Italian immigration authorities that allows a non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizen to legally work in Italy. It must be obtained before applying for the work visa. In most cases, the employer is responsible for initiating the application for the work permit on behalf of the employee.
Residency Visa vs. Residency Permit
In Italy, there’s also a distinction between a residency visa and a residency permit:
- A residency visa (visto per soggiorno) allows a foreign national to enter Italy and stay for a specific purpose, such as work or study. It is issued by Italian consulates abroad and is valid for entry into the country.
- A residency permit (permesso di soggiorno) is a document that allows a foreign national to legally reside in Italy after they arrive. It must be applied for within eight days of entering the country and is usually tied to the purpose of the residency visa.
Understanding these definitions is key to avoiding confusion and ensuring immigration compliance.
Requesting a Work Authorization in Italy
Before an employee can apply for an Italian work visa, the employer must secure authorization to work, known as the nulla osta al lavoro subordinato.
This crucial step ensures that the employee is legally permitted to work in Italy and is the foundation of the entire work visa process.
How to Request a Nulla Osta
Employers must submit a work authorization request through Italy’s One Stop Shop for Immigration (Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione, or SUI), which streamlines the process of handling immigration applications. Here’s how it works:
- Access the Quota System: Italy’s work authorization system operates under the decreto flussi, which sets annual quotas for the number of non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens permitted to work in specific sectors. Employers must confirm that the desired role falls within the quota limits before applying.
- Submit the Authorization Request: The employer files the request online through the Ministry of Interior’s portal. This includes providing detailed information about the job offer, the employee’s qualifications, and proof that the role cannot be filled by an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen.
- Provide Supporting Documents: Employers are required to submit several supporting documents, including:
- A copy of the employment contract or job offer
- Evidence of the employer’s compliance with labor laws
- Proof of accommodation arrangements for the employee
- Identification documents for the employer and employee
- Wait for Approval: Once the application is submitted, the SUI coordinates with local labor authorities and law enforcement to evaluate the request. If approved, the employer receives the nulla osta, which is valid for six months.
After receiving the nulla osta, the employer sends it to the employee, who must include it in their work visa application at the Italian consulate or embassy in their home country. Without this document, the employee cannot proceed to the next stage of the visa process.
By understanding and completing this step correctly, employers set the stage for a smooth visa application process.
Types of Work Visas and Work Permits in Italy
Italy offers different types of work visas and permits to accommodate different employment scenarios. Each visa type has unique eligibility criteria and is suited to specific types of workers or work arrangements. Here’s an overview of the most common options, which I will explain in greater detail below.
| Type of Visa or Permit | Purpose | Eligibility | Validity |
| National Visa (Type D) | For long-term stays exceeding 90 days, including work, study, or family reunification. | Requires meeting specific visa conditions (e.g., employment contract or enrollment in studies). | Typically 1 year (renewable) |
| Salaried Employment Visa (Lavoro Subordinato) | For long-term employment under an Italian employer. | Requires a job offer and work contract. Employer applies for work authorization. | Typically up to 2 years (renewable) |
| Self-Employment Visa (Lavoro Autonomo) | For freelancers, entrepreneurs, or individuals starting a business in Italy. | Requires proof of income, business plan, and compliance with quota limits. | Varies, usually up to 2 years (renewable) |
| Seasonal Work Visa | For temporary, seasonal employment in agriculture or tourism sectors. | Requires an employment contract from an Italian employer. | Up to 9 months (non-renewable) |
| Digital Nomad Visa | For remote workers employed by non-Italian companies or self-employed individuals working remotely. | Requires proof of remote work, sufficient income, and health insurance. | Typically 1 year (renewable) |
| EU Blue Card | For highly skilled professionals with a valid job offer in Italy. | Requires a minimum salary threshold and higher education qualifications. | Up to 2 years (renewable) |
| Research Visa | For researchers employed in Italian research institutes or universities. | Requires a hosting agreement with a certified research institution. | Typically tied to the duration of the research project |
| Intra-Company Transfer (ICT) Visa | For employees transferring within the same company to an Italian branch. | Requires proof of employment in the company and documentation of the transfer. | Up to 3 years for managers/specialists; 1 year for trainees |
| Working Holiday Visa | For young individuals (18-30 years) from select countries to travel and work temporarily in Italy. | Requires proof of funds and health insurance. | Up to 12 months (non-renewable) |
| Start-up Visa | For non-EU entrepreneurs planning to establish innovative start-ups in Italy. | Requires approval from the Italian Committee for Start-up Visa, business plan, and financial backing. | Typically 1 year (renewable) |
| Family Reunion Visa | For family members of individuals legally residing in Italy who wish to join them and work. | Requires proof of family relationship and financial sufficiency from the resident sponsor. | Tied to the sponsor's residence permit validity |
National Visa (Type D)
The National Visa, or Type D visa, is a long-stay visa required for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens intending to stay in Italy for more than 90 days.
It serves as the gateway to obtaining a residency permit (permesso di soggiorno), which allows individuals to live and work in Italy legally. Applicants must have a valid reason for their extended stay, such as employment, study, or family reunification.
Salaried Employment Visa
The Salaried Employment Visa (Lavoro Subordinato) is designed for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who have secured a job offer in Italy.
To qualify, the employer must first obtain a work authorization (nulla osta al lavoro) through the immigration quota system (decreto flussi). Applicants also need proof of employment, accommodation, and sufficient financial means for their stay.
Self-Employment Visa
The Self-Employment Visa (Lavoro Autonomo) is for individuals planning to work as freelancers, entrepreneurs, or independent contractors in Italy.
Eligibility requires a business plan, evidence of financial resources, and any necessary professional certifications or licenses. Applicants must also demonstrate that their work aligns with Italy’s annual self-employment quotas.
Seasonal Work Visa
The Seasonal Work Visa is intended for temporary workers in industries like agriculture and tourism. Employers must secure a nulla osta specific to seasonal work before the visa application. This visa is typically valid for up to nine months and does not lead to permanent residency.
Digital Nomad Visa
Italy’s Digital Nomad Visa caters to remote workers and freelancers who are employed outside of Italy but wish to reside in the country.
Applicants must provide proof of stable income, a valid employment contract or freelance agreement, and health insurance coverage. This visa also requires applicants to demonstrate their ability to sustain themselves financially without working for Italian companies.
European Blue Card
The EU Blue Card is for highly skilled professionals, such as those in IT, engineering, or healthcare, who have an advanced degree and a job offer with a minimum salary threshold.
Employers must obtain a nulla osta, and applicants must provide evidence of qualifications and employment. This visa provides a pathway to permanent residency after five years.
Research Visa
The Research Visa is designed for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens invited by an Italian research institution to conduct studies or projects.
Applicants must have a valid research agreement, proof of financial support, and health insurance. This visa typically requires coordination between the research institution and immigration authorities to secure the nulla osta.
Intra-Company Transfer (ICT) Visa
The ICT Visa is for employees transferring to an Italian branch of their multinational company. Applicants must have been employed with the company for at least three months prior to the transfer and provide proof of the transfer agreement and salary.
The employer must obtain a nulla osta for this type of transfer.
Working Holiday Visa
Available to citizens of certain countries with bilateral agreements with Italy, the Working Holiday Visa allows young people aged 18-30 to travel and work temporarily.
Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial resources, travel insurance, and a return ticket. This visa is typically valid for one year and supports casual employment.
Startup Visa
The Startup Visa is for entrepreneurs planning to establish an innovative business in Italy. Applicants must submit a detailed business plan, demonstrate financial resources, and gain approval from a government-appointed committee.
This visa encourages investment in Italy’s tech and startup ecosystem.
Family Reunion Visa
The Family Reunion Visa allows non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens to join a family member who legally resides in Italy.
The sponsoring family member must demonstrate sufficient income, accommodation, and a valid residency permit. This visa provides the right to reside in Italy but may require additional permits for work.
How to Apply for a Work Visa in Italy
Applying for a work visa in Italy involves several steps both for the employer and the employee. Below is a simplified guide to the application process:
- Employer Requests a Work Authorization (Nulla Osta)
The employer submits a work authorization request to the One Stop Shop for Immigration (SUI). This involves providing proof of employment, meeting labor compliance requirements, and ensuring the role is within the annual immigration quotas (decreto flussi). - Authorization Approval
Once approved, the SUI issues the nulla osta, which the employer sends to the employee. This document is essential for the visa application process. - Employee Applies for a Work Visa
The employee applies for a work visa at the Italian consulate or Italian embassy in their home country. They must provide the nulla osta, a valid passport, a completed visa application form, proof of accommodation, and health insurance coverage. - Attend an Appointment at the Consulate/Embassy
The employee attends an in-person appointment to submit their application, biometric data, and any additional documents requested by the consulate. - Wait for Visa Approval
Processing times vary but generally take several weeks. Once approved, the employee receives the visa in their passport, allowing them to travel to Italy. - Apply for a Residency Permit (Permesso di Soggiorno)
Within eight days of arriving in Italy, the employee must apply for a residency permit at their local immigration office. This step finalizes their legal ability to work and live in Italy.
By following these steps carefully, employers and employees can navigate Italy’s work visa process successfully.
Can a Company Sponsor an Employee Work Visa in Italy?
Yes, a company can sponsor an employee’s work visa in Italy. The process involves several steps to ensure compliance with Italian immigration and labor laws. Below is a breakdown of the sponsorship process:
- Determine Eligibility: Confirm that the employee’s role qualifies under the decreto flussi (immigration quotas) and that the company meets the requirements to sponsor foreign workers.
- Request a Work Authorization (Nulla Osta): Submit a work authorization request through the One Stop Shop for Immigration (SUI), including proof of the job offer, employee qualifications, and compliance with labor regulations.
- Provide Supporting Documents: Submit necessary documentation, such as the employment contract, proof of sufficient income to support the employee, and details about accommodation arrangements.
- Coordinate with the Employee: Once the nulla osta is approved, provide it to the employee so they can include it in their visa application.
- Facilitate the Employee’s Visa Application: Assist the employee with their application for the work visa at their local Italian consulate or Italian embassy, ensuring they meet all requirements and deadlines.
- Support Post-Arrival Requirements: After the employee arrives in Italy, ensure they apply for a residency permit (permesso di soggiorno) within eight days, which is required for their legal stay.
Sponsorship demonstrates a company’s commitment to compliance and employee support.
How to Apply for a Work Permit in Italy
Applying for a work permit (nulla osta al lavoro) in Italy is a critical step for employers hiring non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:
- Confirm Quota Availability
Check whether the job role falls within Italy’s annual immigration quotas under the decreto flussi. These quotas limit the number of foreign workers allowed in specific sectors. - Prepare Required Documentation
Gather necessary documents, including the employment contract, proof of sufficient income to support the employee, accommodation details, and the employer’s compliance with labor laws. - Submit the Application
The employer submits the work permit application to the One Stop Shop for Immigration (SUI) through the Ministry of Interior’s online portal. - Application Review
The SUI coordinates with local labor authorities and law enforcement to verify the application, including the legitimacy of the job offer and compliance with Italian labor standards. - Receive the Nulla Osta
Once approved, the employer receives the nulla osta al lavoro, which is valid for six months and must be provided to the employee for their visa application. - Coordinate with the Employee
Share the approved nulla osta with the employee, enabling them to apply for their work visa at the Italian consulate or Italian embassy in their home country.
By following these steps meticulously, employers can ensure a smooth work permit application process.
What are the Eligibility Requirements for a Work Permit in Italy?
To apply for an Italian work permit (nulla osta al lavoro), both the employer and the employee must meet specific eligibility requirements. Below is a list of the key criteria:
- Valid Job Offer: The employee must have a confirmed job offer from an Italian employer. The position must comply with Italian labor laws and fall within the annual immigration quotas (decreto flussi).
- Quota Availability: The job role must be included in Italy’s annual quota system, which specifies the number of non-EU/EEA/Swiss workers allowed for specific sectors.
- Employer Compliance: The employer must demonstrate compliance with Italian labor laws, including paying minimum wages, providing safe working conditions, and adhering to employment contract standards.
- Proof of Qualifications: The employee must provide evidence of qualifications or skills required for the job, such as degrees, certifications, or professional licenses.
- Proof of Accommodation: The employer or employee must show evidence of suitable accommodation in Italy for the duration of the work permit.
- Financial Stability: The employee must demonstrate financial stability to support themselves during their stay, either through salary or other means.
- Health Insurance: The employee must have health insurance coverage, either through the employer or purchased independently, to cover medical expenses in Italy.
- Clean Criminal Record: The employee may be required to provide a criminal background check to demonstrate they pose no risk to public safety.
Meeting these requirements is crucial for the approval of a work permit. Employers must ensure all conditions are satisfied before submitting the application.
Is the Application Process for a Work Visa and Work Permit the Same in Italy?
The processes of applying for a work permit (nulla osta al lavoro) and a work visa in Italy are related but distinct, and they are completed at different stages:
First Step: The employer secures the work permit by applying through the SUI and receiving the nulla osta al lavoro.
Second Step: The employee uses the approved nulla osta to apply for a work visa at their local consulate or embassy.
Key Differences Between Work Permit and Work Visa Applications
Italy’s immigration system ensures that the employer has fulfilled all legal obligations (such as meeting labor laws and quota requirements) before the employee applies to enter the country. This two-step process helps prevent unauthorized or non-compliant employment.
To help you grasp the process fully, here’s a summary table that highlights the differences between both application processes:
| Aspect | Work Permit | Work Visa |
| Who applies? | The employer applies for the work permit on behalf of the employee. | The employee applies for the work visa once the work permit is approved. |
| Purpose | Grants permission for the employee to work in Italy. | Allows the employee to enter Italy legally to begin their work. |
| When it is done | This is the first step and must be completed before the employee can apply for a visa. | Completed after the work permit is issued and provided to the employee. |
| Where it is processed | Through the One Stop Shop for Immigration (Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione, SUI) in Italy. | At the Italian consulate or embassy in the employee’s home country. |
Use an EOR to Avoid Immigration Compliance Stress
Navigating Italy’s complex immigration and labor laws can be overwhelming for employers, especially when hiring non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens. This is where an Employer of Record (EOR) can make a significant difference.
An EOR simplifies this process by acting as the legal employer for your workforce. They handle critical tasks such as ensuring compliance with local labor laws, securing work permits and visas, and managing global payroll, tax filings, and social contributions.
The benefits of using an EOR include ongoing compliance monitoring to avoid fines, protection against worker misclassification risks, and expert guidance on local hiring practices, giving you peace of mind.
By outsourcing these responsibilities, you can confidently expand your workforce while focusing on your business priorities.
Best Employer of Record Services in Italy
If you’re ready to use an EOR service in Italy, these are my top 10 recommendations:
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are answers to common questions about work permits and visas in Italy.
Does Italy offer a digital nomad visa?
Yes! Italy offers a digital nomad visa designed for remote workers who are employed outside of Italy. Applicants must demonstrate stable income, provide proof of employment or freelance work, and have health insurance coverage. This visa allows individuals to live in Italy while working for non-Italian employers.
What is a European Union Blue Card?
The European Union Blue Card is a work and residence permit for highly skilled professionals from non-EU countries. It requires a job offer in Italy with a salary meeting a specific threshold and proof of qualifications such as a university degree.
The Blue Card provides a pathway to long-term residency and greater mobility within the EU.
What is a Schengen Visa?
A Schengen Visa allows non-EU citizens to travel within the 27 Schengen Area countries, including Italy, for short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. It is not a work visa and does not permit employment but is commonly used for tourism, business trips, or family visits.
The 27 Schengen Area countries are:
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
Note: While all Schengen Area countries are in Europe, not all EU countries are part of the Schengen Area, and some non-EU countries (like Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland) are included.
How long does it take to get a work permit or work visa in Italy?
The process of obtaining a work permit (nulla osta) typically takes 2–6 weeks, depending on the complexity of the application and approval timelines.
Once the work permit is issued, applying for a work visa at an Italian consulate or embassy can take an additional 2–4 weeks.
Overall, the process may take 1–3 months.
What documents are required for a work permit or work visa application in Italy?
For a work permit (nulla osta), employers typically need to provide the employment contract, proof of compliance with labor laws, and evidence of the employee’s accommodation.
For a work visa, employees must submit the nulla osta, a completed visa application form, a valid passport, proof of financial means, health insurance, and any additional documents requested by the consulate.
How much does it cost to get a work permit or work visa in Italy?
The cost of obtaining a work permit in Italy is generally covered by the employer and varies depending on administrative fees.
For a work visa, applicants typically pay a consular processing fee of around €100, though this may vary depending on the visa type and consulate location.
Additional costs, such as document translations or health insurance, may also apply.
How do you renew a work permit or work visa in Italy?
To renew a work permit or work visa in Italy, the employer and employee must initiate the process before the current permit or visa expires.
The employer must confirm continued compliance with labor laws and submit renewal documents to the local immigration office.
The employee must then apply to renew their residency permit (permesso di soggiorno) with supporting documents, including proof of ongoing employment, updated financial information, and a valid passport.
Are family members included in work permit/visa applications in Italy?
Family members are not automatically included in work permit or visa applications in Italy. However, eligible family members, such as spouses and dependent children, can apply for a Family Reunion Visa (visto per ricongiungimento familiare).
The sponsoring employee must demonstrate sufficient income, accommodation, and a valid residency permit to support the family members’ application.
How much does an Employer of Record charge in Italy?
The cost of an EOR in Italy can vary based on the complexity of the employment arrangement and the level of support required.
In general, EOR services in Italy cost between $400 to $2,000 per employee, per month or between 10% to 20% of the employee’s gross salary, per month.
Some EOR service providers, like Skuad and Remofirst, offer services starting at $199 USD per employee per month, whereas others, like Remote, charge between $599 and $699 USD per employee per month, depending on your payment frequency (monthly or annually).
Other EOR companies, such as Velocity Global, don’t actually disclose their EOR prices publicly, requiring you to request a personalized quote instead.
I recommend consulting directly with several providers to obtain detailed EOR pricing information tailored to your company’s requirements.
What are the risks of using an Employer of Record service?
While using an EOR minimizes many compliance risks, potential drawbacks include loss of direct control over employment processes and dependence on the EOR’s local expertise and reliability.
Choosing an inexperienced or poorly regulated EOR could expose your company to compliance issues, misclassification risks, or unexpected costs. To mitigate these risks, thoroughly vet potential EOR providers and ensure they have a strong track record and transparent practices.
The Bottom Line
Hiring or relocating talent to Italy can open doors to incredible opportunities, but it requires careful navigation of the country’s complex immigration and labor laws. Ensuring compliance with work permit and visa requirements is essential to avoid costly mistakes and protect your business from legal risks.
If you’re unsure about managing the process on your own, consider partnering with an Employer of Record. An EOR can handle the heavy lifting, from securing work permits to managing payroll, so you can focus on building your team with confidence.
Ready to take the next step? Evaluate your hiring needs, research EOR providers, and start building your plan for hiring talent in Italy.
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This content is for informational purposes only, and should not be relied upon as legal advice. We recommend always following the advice of an employment lawyer or EOR partner before making any decisions to hire employees in Italy.
